ORMs add a level of abstraction to the library that accesses the specific database directly. It also becomes easy to make a platform-independent application that allows for switching between database engines this is often performed by ORM (object-relational mapper) libraries, which are a sub-layer of the model layer. You can also check for various conditions (for example, whether the user has confirmed their registration, paid their monthly fee, etc.), and you can change these rules in one place, without having to change anything in the other parts of the code. In the business logic, it would be enough to check what value is returned by this method, without any knowledge of its internals. For example, the model for the user could provide the is_active() method, returning a boolean variable.
Such separation of layers has many advantages… Code Is Easier to Maintainīecause the model is separated, changing internal data relations without changing the rest of the application is easier. (In simple terms, the model consists of the database structure and contents, and the code used to access it.) Then, the controller generates the proper view that will be sent and displayed to user. The controller is a piece of code that handles and processes user input and then reads and makes necessary changes to the model, which is responsible for the storage and modification of data. User actions are passed (as HTTP requests, GET or POST methods) to the controller. In this architecture, the user sees and interacts with the view that, in the case of Web applications, is generated HTML code (along with JavaScript, CSS, images, etc.)
MVC is a software architecture that allows for the separation of business logic from the user interface. The model-view-controller (MVC) pattern was introduced. As the PHP language matured, developers started to think about the cleanliness and maintainability of their code. There were no frameworks, so Web applications were just a bunch of source files.
Fragments of PHP code were mixed in with HTML mark-up. In the early days of PHP applications, “spaghetti code” was a familiar sight.